Business Operation And Development Resource Management

Student: Tushar Dobariya Student ID (15693) Sub: Business operation and development –Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The programs pioneers of business office will care for the procuring of business instructors with take an interest of the CEO. †¢ The IT program pioneer will attempt to contract a decent taught and very much experienced in IT educating industry. †¢ The program pioneers of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of the procuring of English dialect instructors and verify that as opposed to enlisting the diverse educator for distinctive module he can enlist maybe a couple for every one of the four modules with the cooperation of CEO. †¢ The showcasing office will take care of the advertising of the school. He/she will manage the advertising director in all the five unique nations. Too the notice of the school so that more understudies can be a piece of this school. This customized pioneer will likewise care for the visa issues of understudies too the redesigning with NZQA new approaches. †¢ The account office will care for the money states of school, charges of understudies; pay of staff and in addition the advancement of it Answer (B). As seat momentum hierarchical structure of the association the school is managing five nations, yet because of the sudden downtown in understudy s number the school need to plan new association structure. as given 70% of the understudies are enlisted from India andShow MoreRelatedBusiness Operation And Development : Resource Management4040 Words   |  17 Pages Student: Tushar Dobariya Sub: Business operation and development –Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The programs pioneers of business office will care for the procuring of business instructors with take an interest of the CEO. †¢ The IT program pioneer will attempt to contract a decent taught and very much experienced in IT educating industry. †¢ The program pioneers of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of the procuring of EnglishRead MoreBusiness Operations And Development Human Resource Management Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pages BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT July 11 2015 MANAGE HUMAN RESOURCE AS A MANAGER IN A BUSINESS OPERATION. Unit standard 19022 LEVEL - 6 Version - 3 Credits - 12 Submitted by - Ramanpreet Singh Student ID - ND 15402 Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of NZAB main markets India, provideRead MoreBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pages Unit Standard 19022 Business Operation and Development – Human Resource Management Jitender Singh Level 6, Credit – 12. â€Æ' Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation. a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of the NZAB main markets in India provide an outline for the most favorable or desirable organization structure for NZAB new current situation. The new organization structure should be outline in term of the functions and the activityRead MoreBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4290 Words   |  18 Pages Student: Tushar Dobariya Student ID (15693) Sub: Business operation and development Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The IT program leader should be qualified and well educated as well as well experienced in IT industry. He/ she know basic things of work related to IT such as ZAVA, LINUX, and MICROSOFT. †¢ The program leader of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of English. Follow the instructors and verify that as opposed toRead MoreHuman Resources Management Principles For A Profitable Professional Service Organizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesuse management principles to maximize profitability. The importance of management principles include; â€Å"improves understanding, direction for training of manager, role of management and guide to research in management† (MSG Management Study Guide., 2015). In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning ( Erp )1539 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Today Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is extensively adopted by many organizations regardless of kind and size, mainly because it provides enterprise wide view of information across all their business operations and help organizations achieve consistency across all their functional departments. The potential benefits of ERP system implementation include improved coordination across functional areas, increased efficiency, reduced operational costs, rapid access to information forRead MoreInformation Technology ( It ) Is A Universal And Versatile Tool1646 Words   |  7 Pageswould lose my way. In addition, I can order pizza or anything else in the internet. In business, we cannot without it. We used for information-based system, intranet, and paperless system at work. We need a financial management system to deal with the financial things, and Decision Support System can help and support the decision and strategy. Along with IT developingï ¼Å'it is more and more important in business. It can strengthen enterprise competitiveness and promote enterprise reform. In the pastRead MoreTEN OPERATION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Definitions of Operations management Operations management  refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.  Operations management  is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management  is an area of  management  concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of  production  and redesigning  business operations  inRead MorePlanning for Long-Term Success of a Business1051 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess For business enterprises and entrepreneurs, the first major challenge is usually that of developing and establishing a successful new venture. However, the ability of these entrepreneurs to establish a new venture is dependent on some basic necessary skills. These skills include the ability to identify a market need and the capability to develop a product and/or service that could satisfy the need. When the entrepreneurs successfully conduct these essential things, the business enterpriseRead MoreHuman Resorce Management vs. Operations Management vs.Preoject Management737 Words   |  3 PagesOrlandus Leonard Human Resources Management vs. Operational Management Kaplan University MT 435 Operations Management Human Resources Management and Operational Management are two very distinct managements that are strangely co-dependent of each other in my view. Operations Management is responsible for designing, operating and improving productive systems or in layman’s terms, systems for getting work done. Operations Managers are found in all walks of life. In anything you basically do

If Music Be The Food Of Love - 1931 Words

One of Shakespeare’s most famous quotes is: â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on.† Music has indeed been the source of many an inspirational quote, with many likening it to a universal language. And like all languages, it has evolved over time. But it’s more than jazz, rock and roll, the blues or gospel, to name a few relatively recent genres. It has a rich history that some regard as being rooted if not in religion, certainly in spirituality. Indeed, many deep thinkers have written essays on its therapeutic and mood-altering qualities. Perhaps Norman Greenbaum’s classic and memorable1969 hit, â€Å"Spirit in the Sky† captured it most notably. Studies of sound show us that music is all about frequencies and vibrations. Indeed, musical†¦show more content†¦It can also provide some relief to heart attack and stroke victims and patients undergoing surgery. Research suggests that music may promote the brain s ability to make new connections between nerve cells. Another idea is that it works its magic through its rhythms. Humans are rhythmic beings: Our heartbeat, breathing, and brain waves are all rhythmic. The human brain and nervous system are hard-wired to distinguish music from noise and to respond to rhythm and repetition, tones and tunes Ancient societies have used the power of musical rhythm to hypnotise, heal and induce states of higher consciousness for centuries - indeed the theory behind the repetitive, rhythmic entrainment of binaural beats works on the same principal. Scientific studies back up Dr Kamaroff s words, and music has shown music to be effective at reducing stress and pain. This study concluded that: Spontaneous live harp music significantly decreased patient perception of pain by 27% in a ICU setting. The reduction in patient s perception of pain supports the introduction of live harp music into the ICU as a non-invasive means to reduce patient pain. And this study showed that: Music listening impacted the psychobiological stress system. Listening to music prior to a standardized stressor predominantly affected the autonomic nervous system (in terms of a faster recovery), and to a lesser degree the endocrine and psychological stress response. What Are the SolfeggioShow MoreRelatedIf Music Be the Food of Love, Play on1089 Words   |  5 PagesIf Music be the Food of Love, Play on   Ã‚  Ã‚   Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination; Music itself is a form of mood, it’s an explosive expression. Its something we are all touched by. No matter what culture were from, everyone loves music. As Bob Marley said â€Å"One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain.† There are certain times good and bad in my life that I can remember just by a song that might play. It’s that recollectionRead MoreA Brief Biography of David Dickau823 Words   |  3 PagesDavid Dickau David Dickau is a man whose true passion and love is music. Composing and Conducting music is what he truly loves. An Honored Conductor, Composer, and Clinician, He has Composed many Pieces such as the popular â€Å"If Music be the Food of Love†, â€Å"Dresden Canticles†, and â€Å"Stars I Shall Find†. Dickau was born in 1953 and now lives in Mankato, Minnesota, serving as the Director of Choral Activities at the Minnesota State University. He began his career there in 1991 and ever since hasRead MoreHard Rock Cafe Case Study1435 Words   |  6 PagesFlorida and has since then, expanded its location to more than 40 Cafà © and employee 75% of their employees throughout the United State. While serving more than 100,000 meals each day, Hard Rock Cafà © chefs are adapting to the change of new taste and music as they continue to gain 45 plus years to their existence. The Hard Rock Cafà © introduced new menus and services, memorabilia, and strategies to create an environment and experience where everyone and anyone can share laughter and joy with their friendsRead MoreCultural Identity : The Way Things Are1332 Words   |  6 Pagesme, I do not know what that could be. Could it be the fact that I am African American and Japanese? Could maps help to represent my cultural identity b ecause they help me to visualize where I want to go, where my family is, and places we ve been? Music, family and friends, robotics, and travel also describe my cultural identity. What are The way things are for me? What is my cultural identity; are the questions I have to answer. While I contiuned to ponder these questions around my cultural IdentityRead MoreEssay on How Music Can Affect Our Lives678 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die.† In William Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’ Orsino uttered these lines after he was frustrated in his courtship of Countess Olivia. Perhaps Orsino believed that an excess of music might cure his obsession with love the way eating too much removes ones appetite for food. But he was wrong. An old adage says music is the food of soul. The more you listen to it, the more youRead MoreI Love Spanish Music Has Good Beats1134 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, the Hispanics brings culture to the community especially when it comes to music, events, schools, nonprofit organizations, small businesses and restaurants. As I walk around the environment, I can hear Spanish music playing at the neighbor’s house, even though I do not understand the language but it sounds nice. I love Spanish music because Spanish music has good beats. One of the good things about Spanish music is that it allows a non-Spanish speaker like myself to dance to beats without understandingRead More Meet A Listener : Gwen Graham1067 Words   |  5 Pagesand would sometimes have to rely on the help of others. Music became a bit part of Gwen’s life early on. She couldn’t read music but around the age of four she started playing the piano by ear. â€Å"When I started out I wasn’t very good but the more I listened and the more I played the better I got. â€Å" giggled Gwen. In addition to playing the piano Gwen also enjoys listening to various kinds of music. Her favorite types of music are Country Western, Gospel, and 50’s Rock Roll. â€Å"I likeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthe text of William Shakespeare s comedy, Twelfth Night, or What You Will, is Music. The first thing that playgoers hear at the beginning is music. This music is being played for a duke, a powerful lord residing over the setting of all the characters. He is surrounded by other lords and his attendant, Curio. The duke, Orsino, cannot help but comment: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken and soRead MoreSouth Korean Culture And Its People Have Influenced My Life948 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of Korean culture have affected me greatly; those being Korean music, Korean language/food, and Korean people. South Korea is such an amazing country and almost everyone there is very hard-working and determined. 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ROM and Strengthening Exercises as a Treatment Option Free Essays

There are multiple kinds of exercise that could be beneficial in treating acute whiplash. Literature shows exercises such as a McKenzie treatment, postural training exercise, endurance strengthening and motor control, eye fixation, isometric exercises, and resistive exercises. In reviewing the literature, these exercises were combined with other treatment strategies such as modalities or mobilization to get the most effective outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on ROM and Strengthening Exercises as a Treatment Option or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, at this point although there is a large amount of research done on treatment of whiplash injury, the conclusions that are made from this literature conflict each other. However, there is a consensus that excessive treatment of whiplash associated disorder may be counterproductive in the acute stages of injury. (Cochrane review) The evidence does not support episodes of care that last longer than 6-8 weeks with any one or combination of noninvasive interventions. If the intervention that is being attempted at that time is unsuccessful, it is then recommended that a different intervention be attempted. (Cochrane review) Based on this information, if active ROM and strengthening exercises are to be used, the intensity and frequency should be monitored closely to avoid increased injury. In comparing the effectiveness of these exercises, many studies compared them to periods of â€Å"standard care†. Standard Care included rest, analgesia, and general advice on gradual mobilization after a short period of rest. McKenzie treatment is based on the principle of centralization of pain and the use of exercises to reduce the stress on the surrounding neck musculature. For acute WAD patient’s, the goal is to stretch and decrease the tightness of the cervical extensor muscles, which may be overly contracted in this patient population. A common exercise to accomplish this is the chin tuck, where the patient retracts their chin and repeats this activity for a given number of repetitions. In a study by McKinney et al, three groups of patients with WAD were placed in 3 treatment categories and compared by outcome measures. The treatment categories included a home mobilization group who were instructed in postural correction, analgesia, collar, muscle relaxation and mobilization exercises. The second group was a group who received outpatient physiotherapy, including; McKenzie treatment, heat, cold, diathermy, traction, Maitland mobilization, postural correction and home exercise. The final group compared in this study received standard care as defined above. (Seferiadis, European spine journal) All treatments were given over a period of 6 weeks for 24 visits, with the follow up visits at 2 weeks. Cochrane review- exercises for mechanical neck disorders) Patients who received outpatient physiotherapy, including McKenzie treatment demonstrated improved cervical ROM and pain intensity in comparison to the treatment group receiving standard care. However, there was no difference in effectiveness between the outpatient physiotherapy group and home mobilization group. In a second study by Rosenfeld et al, the standard treatment for WAD was compared to active intervention that included McKenzie treatment and active cervical ROM. The group receiving active intervention demonstrated the most benefit when treatment was provided within 96 hours of initial injury. This group also demonstrated lower pain intensity and amount of sick leave, as well as improved cervical ROM in comparison to the standard care group. These outcomes were maintained at a 6 month and 3 year follow up (Seferiadis, European spine journal). Based on this literature and the results of the studies, McKenzie exercises have shown to be beneficial in reducing pain in patients with WAD. Postural training exercises as defined by a systematic review by Drescher et al, includes any correction, exercise or advice with the aim of improving posture. (Drescher) Postural training would be important for patients with WAD to avoid further exacerbation of muscle injury or reinjury at a later date. This could further carry over to job related tasks, as many people spend their day working at a desk sitting for long periods of time. Postural exercises may help patients to be more aware of their posture and make self-corrections to avoid future injury throughout the workday. In the systematic review by Drescher (Reference 22), the study compared a group receiving postural exercises to a control group who were not receiving postural exercises. It was found that the group that completed postural exercises demonstrated decreased pain and increased cervical ROM. Another high quality study (references 17-19) within this review compared an intervention group receiving postural exercises to the control group. The postural exercise group showed significant reduction in pain at both the 6 onth and 3 year follow up, as well as a lower amount of sick days taken from work at the 3 year study. There was no significant different in cervical ROM improvement in these two groups. Initially the cost of this postural training was higher, however ended up being lower when taking into account the cost of sick-leave days, loss of productivity and other interventions. (Drescher) In a study by Schnabel et al, it was determined that active therapy including postural advice and exercise was superior to passive modalities such as massage and ultrasound. There is limited evidence on specific postural exercises which would best benefit this population, however there has been some proof that this is a beneficial treatment. Therefore, further research into specific exercises and training strategies may be warranted to determine the best options for patients with WAD. A common side effect of whiplash is dizziness, which can limit patient’s ability to perform quick head movements and functional activities such as looking over their shoulder while walking. This dizziness is something which has been addressed by eye fixation exercises in the literature. Eye fixation exercises may also be known as proprioceptive exercise and can include; target exercises with varying degrees of difficulty by changing input from other body systems, and vestibular ocular reflexes with either a target moving or the target moving in the opposite direction of the patient’s head with the patient’s eyes maintaining focus on the target at all times. Eye-fixation exercises are used to restore coordinated movement and proprioceptive movement, which will decrease the degree of dizziness in the patient with WAD. Individually these programs have not shown to be beneficial, however when combined with other therapy treatments there has been minimal to moderate benefit. Based on a Cochrane review of exercises for mechanical neck disorder, it was found that including eye-fixation exercises into a complete physical therapy program showed moderate evidence of benefit for pain and function for acute whiplash disorder. This is also supported in a study by Provinciali, where one group was treated with eye fixation exercises to treat dizziness, along with mobilization and additional neck exercises. This group had significant results in decreased pain on the VAS scale over the group that received TENS and pulsed EMG (Cochrane – exercises). Based on these studies, if a patient with WAD is experiencing dizziness as a symptom, eye fixation exercises may be a beneficial addition to the treatment plan. Another treatment option that has shown positive results in the literature is the use of isometric resistive exercises to strengthen the cervical muscles. Isometric exercises are strengthening exercises designed to strengthen the musculature while maintaining the body in one position. This may be beneficial for patients with acute WAD who are unable to move through a large range of motion, as they will still receive the benefit of strengthening exercises. A study done by Soderlund et al. compared two groups of patients receiving treatment for acute whiplash. The first group was receiving regular treatment that included instructions on what activities to avoid and what activities to continue with. Table 1 describes the treatment plan given to both the normal treatment group and the additional treatment group. Patients in the additional exercise group were instructed to follow all instructions given to the normal treatment group, as well as perform additional isometric exercises. This exercise is described as the patient lying down on the ground, and imagines a â€Å"quadrangle† behind their head. They are then instructed to imagine pushing their head into each corner of the quadrangle, and repeat the cycle 3 times. The result of this study found that patients in the additional treatment group were able to continue to decrease their pain rating at follow up periods of three and six months, whereas the normal treatment group had the same amount of pain at these follow up visits. This study would indicate that the additional treatments are beneficial to help decrease the patient’s pain longer after injury. How to cite ROM and Strengthening Exercises as a Treatment Option, Essay examples

Emission Testing free essay sample

With this paper I hope to gain a better understanding of emission pollution and the emission testing process. With my research and my visit to the local Clean Air Car Check site, I have compiled information that will prove valuable. I will define emission pollution and the major contributors. I will answer the why we have to emission test. I will also take you through the testing process. My overall goal of this paper is to ascertain whether or not emission testing is an effective way to reduce or prevent emission pollution when one owns a vehicle. Emission Pollution Emissions describe the gases and particles that are released into the air by many different sources, including vehicles. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) web site, the sources of emissions are put into four categories: point, mobile, biogenic, and area. Point sources include factories, mobile sources include vehicles, biogenic sources include gas seeps, and area sources include dry cleaners (EPA, 2006). For this paper, we will focus on mobile sources. Driving is the most polluting thing that we can do. The National Safety Council (NSC) states that motor vehicles release millions of tons of pollutants, classified as toxics, into the air each year. These toxics cause around 1,500 cases of cancer every year. Car emissions also contribute to acid rain and global warming (NSC, 2006). Vehicles emanate three major pollutants: hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. The Coalition for Clean Air (CCA) web site states that hydrocarbons are defined as compounds containing various combinations of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Nitrogen Oxides pertain to compounds of nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, and other oxides of nitrogen. They are typically created during combustion processes, and are major contributors to smog and acid deposition (CCA, 2007). The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) website displays the text book, Chemicals, the Environment and You. They define carbon monoxide as a colorless, odorless poison gas produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter (NIEHS, 2000). The Clean Air Car Check (CACC) web site says, â€Å"Cars and light duty trucks contribute 30-50 % of the pollution that cause harmful ozone and also contribute significantly to the amount of air toxics and particulate matter in the environment† (CACC, n. d. ). They also state that if our vehicles are properly maintained, there will be less contamination released in the air and ground water (CACC, n. d. ). What effect does emission pollution have on our environment? The Clean Air Car Check answers this by stating, Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline particles that contribute to the formation of ground level ozone, often referred to as smog. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas formed from partially burned fuel that can adversely affect mental function, visual focus, alertness, and can even cause death. Nitrogen oxides, when mixed with other compounds, can contribute to ground level ozone, acid rain, water quality deterioration and global warming. Ozone is an irritant produced from emissions from gasoline powered vehicles. It can cause eye and throat irritations, respiratory distress, and damage breathing passages, making it difficult for the lungs to work. Ozone is formed near the ground in a photochemical process: 1) Gasoline, paints and solvents evaporate, thereby releasing hydrocarbons. 2) Cars and factories burn fossil fuels, releasing nitrogen oxide and reactive hydrocarbons. 3) Heat and sunlight trigger a photochemical reaction between these emissions, transforming them into ozone (CACC, n. d. ). Emission Testing The time is here again; time to take the car in to be emission tested. What a pain in the neck! You might think that emission testing is a waste of time, and an inconvenience. What some people may not realize is that motor vehicle manufacturers are required to meet more and more severe pollution emission standards, and it is our responsibility to maintain our vehicles (CACC, n. d. ). Recognizing faulty emission control systems and having them repaired has reduced ozone emissions by more than 4,000 pounds each summer day. Testing is just part of the 1990 federal Clean Air Act. The goal of the act is to improve our quality of air by reducing hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (CACC, n. . ). The testing procedure may differ slightly depending on the age of the vehicle being tested. All vehicles, however, will get a gas cap pressure check. This test is used to see if the vehicles gas cap is keeping fuel vapors from escaping (CACC, n. d. ). Vehicles made from 1996 or newer will receive the on-board diagnostics test (OBD). This tests the vehicles on-board computer to make sure there ar e no malfunctions. The next test is the inspection and maintenance test (I/M 93). Vehicles made from 1981-1995 will be put on a treadmill, called a dynamometer. The exhaust is captured to evaluate the effectiveness of the emission control equipment (CACC, n. d. ). The last test is for vehicles from 1976-1980. A metal probe is inserted into the tailpipe while it is idle and a sensor is put on the hood to measure the engine speed (CACC, n. d. ). Vehicles that were made in 1975 or older are not required to be emission tested. I recently took a trip to my local Clean Air Car Check site to watch the testing procedure. A man told me that having people stand outside the waiting area is not usually allowed, but since I was doing research for school he allowed it. He also did not want his name to be used in my final paper. He did not want me to be in the way so he asked me to stay as far away as possible and he offered me a face mask. The first vehicle to be inspected was a 1990 Ford Ranger. The inspector walked around the vehicle with a long mirror, making frequent stops. I asked him what this step was for and he replied that it was to check for fluid leaks, holes in the exhaust system, or any modifications that may cause a safety hazard. Once the Ranger was inspected, the driver was asked to leave the vehicle and sit in the waiting area. The inspector checked the Ranger for a catalytic converter and then attached a device to the gas cap. This was the gas cap pressure check that makes sure that no fuel vapors are escaping. After that, the inspector drove the Ranger onto a treadmill device and had attached a large hose to the tailpipe. As he watched a screen he drove the Ranger as if he were driving it on the road. Accelerating and braking when necessary. The large hose collects the exhaust to check for emissions. The inspector let the driver return to the Ranger while he gathered the results. With a smile he politely said, â€Å"Congratulations, you passed†. The next few vehicles went through the same process. There was a different test, however, performed on a 2000 Chevrolet Blazer. After the inspector performed the gas cap pressure check, he plugged something into the bottom of the dashboard. I asked him what this process was and he said it was a scan tool and it is plugged into the OBD connector on the Blazer. He said it will read the Blazer’s computer and analyze whether or not the OBD system is working properly. I was at the Clean Air Car Check site for a little over an hour. Unfortunately, I did not see any vehicles that were from 1976-1980 so the probe test was not performed. Before I left, I asked the inspector why diesel engine trucks do not have to be tested. He said, â€Å"Unlike regular gas exhaust, the exhaust from a diesel engine has really low levels of the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. They just aren’t as polluting as regular cars†. Not necessarily agreeing with his last statement, I asked him how long he had worked there. He said with a smile, â€Å"10 long years. I have learned a lot, almost too much†. Effectiveness How effective is emission testing? It is effective enough to reduce emission pollution by 4,000 pounds every summer day. I asked the emission test inspector his opinion on the effectiveness of emission testing. â€Å"If our cars were not tested, the air would be much worse. † He said, â€Å"I think that having your car tested and repaired is keeping that much more crap out of our air†. My friend, who we will call Jan, said, â€Å"Emission testing is a big pain in the butt, and only three counties in Indiana do it, and I think THAT alone is bull. Doesnt make sense. I think that if they are going to do it, it should be in all fifty states, and all counties. † She continued, â€Å"But, â€Å"if it is helping reduce the pollution in the air we breathe, I guess I will have to put up with it†. I think that testing is effective because if a vehicle does not pass, it has a time period to be repaired or it will not be able to get registered. This car will not be allowed to drive on the road, and that is less emission toxics flowing into our air. Conclusion Emission pollution is a major issue in not only Indiana, but the rest of the country. If these toxics are released from our vehicles, and emission testing can help reduce the flow, then I strongly believe it is a step in the right direction.

PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts

The Beechcraft Baron 58 is the brainchild of Hawker Beechcraft Corporation. The corporation developed this particular model in1970. According to the Corporation’s website, a new Beechcraft 58 costs around 1.2 million dollars (Baron58 n.d). The specifications of this plane include a twin engine piston, six passenger seats, and two aft doors. It has a gross weight of 2450-2500 kilograms and a maximum take-off weight of 2450 kilograms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flight Express is an air carrier company with a fleet of eighty-nine aircrafts. Out of these, twenty-seven are Beechcraft models (Flight Express 2010). Flight Express has its headquarters in Orlando, Florida and it operates in twenty six other states across the United States. Express prides itself in being a time-critical and an on demand carrier that specialises in regional air transport. The airline transports packages for several companies including those in publishing, life science, and banking industries. Flight Express’s pilots log over 64,000 flight hours annually (Flight Express, 2003). Although Flight Express operates under FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations), its operations will be looked into from the CAA’s perspective for the purpose of this cost assessment. This is mostly because the company’s FAR approved records are not accessible to the public. Since the cost assessment is done for a general case of 200 hours, the results obtained through either regulations (FAR or CAA) should not have a vast discrepancies between them. The Beechcraft’s maximum take-off weight is below 2730 kilograms, it is henceforth classified as a light piston engine aircraft (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). There are five specified maintenance checks for this aircraft category. The first one is Check A and it must be carried out before the first flight of the day. The second check is the fifty-hour check. This check has to be carried out after every fifty flight hours or alternatively after six months of operation. Then there is the 150-hour check that is carried out after every one hundred and fifty hours of flight. The other checks are the annual check- carried out after every twelve months, and the star inspection. The civil Aviation Authority stipulates most of these checks. According to the Authority, Check A requires the engine’s air filter to be inspected with emphasis on its cleanliness. The tyres and wheels of the plane also have to be checked for damages. The inflation levels and other anomalies also have to be checked.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the functionality of the fuel pump has to be inspected during this check. The fifty-hour check involves inspection of the fuel pump, air filt er, wheels, and tyres. Extensive checks of these areas have to be carried out after either fifty hours of flight or six months whichever comes first. Most of the times, this check involves replacement of oil filters and tyres. The 150-hour check on its part coincides with the 50-hour checks. This means that all the inspections stipulated in the 50-hour check are included in this one. The standard operations in this check include engine servicing and sometimes tyre replacements. This check must be carried out after every one hundred and fifty hours of flight. On the other hand, the annual check is carried out after every twelve months. During this check all oil filters are replaced. The tyres might also be replaced if any signs of damage or wearing out were found. The fuel pump and the engine air filters might also be replaced during this annual check (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). Appendix X illustrates a study of how PMA parts can reduce the maintenance costs for Flight Express a ircrafts. For instance, it is assumed that Flight Express operates each Beechcraft Baron 58 for about 200 hours annually. This means that several parts will have to be replaced in accordance with CAA’s regulations. This means that aircraft parts like engine air filters, oil filters, main tyres, and nose tyres will be needed in the course of these checks. Other parts that can be replaced within the 200 hours of flight are fuel pumps and wheel assemblies. However, these parts are rarely replaced within this period in normal circumstances. Appendix X lists the estimated number of replacements that can be made within two hundred hours of flight. Within the estimated time frame of two hundred hours, a single aircraft will require these parts to be replaced; two engine air filters, one fuel pump, eight oil filters, two wheel assemblies, four main tyres, and two nose tyres. If Flight Express chooses to use OEM parts when making these replacements, it will cost the company fourteen t housand, seven hundred and ninety seven dollars and seventy eight cents. This includes the cost of a fuel pump that is often very high priced by most manufacturers. However, if Flight Express chooses to use PMA’s parts it will only cost the company a total of four thousand, nine hundred and eighty four dollars and fifty two cents. This indicates that Flight Express is set to save around sixty six percent in material costs if the company chooses to use PMA’s products. These possible savings are in terms of a single aircraft.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering Flight Express operates a total of twenty seven Beechcraft Baron 58 aircrafts, the company stands to make substantial savings if PMA parts are used. Each of these aircrafts has an approximate two hundred hours of flight in one year. The total number of replacement s is in turn expected to be around fifty four engine filters, twenty seven fuel pumps, two hundred and sixteen oil filters, twelve wheel assemblies, one hundred and eight main tyres and fifty four nose tyres. If the company goes for PMA products, the company can save in excess of two hundred and forty thousand dollars in each maintenance cycle. When this list excludes the high priced fuel pumps, it will still cost Flight Express 45,136.54 dollars. It will cost the company seventy seven thousand, five hundred and forty six dollars and four cents if these same products are sourced from OEM. One of the limitations of this assessment is the method used to arrive at the average two hundred hours of flight per year. This is because this figure is estimated from the number of flight hours logged by each pilot annually (Flight Express 2010b). Summary The results of this case study indicate that PMA’s products are cheaper compared to those from alternative companies. Aviation companie s can take advantage of the cost cutting options provided by PMA. Any aviation company that chooses to use PMA-made spare parts stands to save a lot of money in maintenance costs. References Baron58, n.d, Beechcraft Baron 58 General Information. Web. Civil Aviation Authority, 2005, CAP 411: Light A/C Maint Schedules (Aeroplanes). Web. Flight Express, 2003, Initial and Recurrent Flight Training Handbook: Beechcraft 58 Baron. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flight Express, 2010, About. Web. Flight Express, 2010b, Flight Express Fleet. Web. This essay on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves You can use paper chromatography to see the different pigments that produce the colors in leaves.  Most plants contain several pigment molecules, so experiment with many species of leaves to see the wide range of colors. This is a simple science project that takes about 2 hours. Key Takeaway: Leaf Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a chemical purification method that separates colored substances. In paper chromatography, pigments may be separated based on the different size of the molecules.Everyone knows leaves contain chlorophyll, which is green, but plants actually contain a wide range of other pigment molecules.For paper chromatography, plant cells are broken open to release their pigment molecules. A solution of plant matter and alcohol is placed at the bottom of a piece of paper. Alcohol moves up the paper, taking pigment molecules with it. Its easier for smaller molecules to move through the fibers in paper, so they travel fastest and move the furthest up the paper. Larger molecules are slower and dont travel as far up the paper. What You Need You only need a few simple materials for this project. While you can perform it using only one type of leaf (e.g., chopped spinach), you can experience the greatest range of pigment colors by collecting several types of leaves. LeavesSmall  Jars with LidsRubbing AlcoholCoffee FiltersHot WaterShallow PanKitchen Utensils Instructions Take 2-3 large leaves (or the equivalent with smaller leaves), tear them into tiny pieces, and place them into small jars with lids.Add enough alcohol to just cover the leaves.Loosely cover the jars and set them into a shallow pan containing an inch or so of hot tap water.Let the jars sit in the hot water for at least a half hour. Replace the hot water as it cools and swirl the jars from time to time.The jars are done when the alcohol has picked up color from the leaves. The darker the color, the brighter the chromatogram will be.Cut or tear a long strip of coffee filter paper for each jar.Place one strip of paper into each jar, with one end in the alcohol and the other outside of the jar.As the alcohol evaporates, it will pull the pigment up the paper, separating pigments according to size (largest will move the shortest distance).After 30-90 minutes (or until the desired separation is obtained), remove the strips of paper and allow them to dry.Can you identify which pigments are pr esent? Does the season in which the leaves are picked affect their colors? Tips for Success Try using frozen chopped spinach leaves.Experiment with other types of paper.You can substitute other alcohols for the rubbing alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.If your chromatogram is pale, next time use more leaves and/or smaller pieces to yield more pigment. If you have a blender available, you can use it to finely chop the leaves. How Leaf Paper Chromatography Works Pigment molecules, such as chlorophyll and anthocyanins, are contained within plant leaves. Chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts. The plant cells need to be torn open to expose their pigment molecules. The macerated leaves are placed in a small amount of alcohol, which acts as a solvent. Hot water helps soften the plant matter, making it easier to extract the pigments into the alcohol. The end of a piece of paper is placed in the solution of alcohol, water, and pigment. The other end stands straight up. Gravity pulls on the molecules, while alcohol travels up the paper via capillary action, pulling pigment molecules upward with it. The choice of paper is important because if the fiber mesh is too dense (like printer paper), few of the pigment molecules will be small enough to navigate the maze of cellulose fibers to travel upward. If the mesh is too open (like a paper towel), then all of the pigment molecules easily travel up the paper and its difficult to separate them. Also, some pigment might be more soluble in water than in alcohol. If a molecule is highly soluble in alcohol, it travels through the paper (the mobile phase). An insoluble molecule might remain in the liquid. The technique is used to test purity of samples, where a pure solution should only produce a single band. It is also used to purify and isolate fractions. After the chromatogram has developed, the different bands may be cut apart and the pigments recovered. Sources Block, Richard J.; Durrum, Emmett L.; Zweig, Gunter (1955). A Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-7680-9.Haslam, Edwin (2007). Vegetable tannins – Lessons of a phytochemical lifetime. Phytochemistry. 68 (22–24): 2713–21. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.009

Issue 14 no 2510 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issue 14 no 2510 - Essay Example Every child has the right to quality education. In the rural parts of the Kenya, the preference to educate the boy child over the girl child is the essence of this big may hem. This cripples the girl child mind. Rights to education and training should be available to all and at the right time, (Ghai p 291). The arguments of the girl will get married and get a comfortable life wherever she is married are arguments that should be thrown to the bottom lake of fire. With the right education in place, the women are able to brain box their opposite gender for an equal share. In the lake region for instance the ‘luos,’ geographically located at the Lake region along the river Nile, traditionally practiced wife inheritance. The women lived in great agony after their husbands’ death. The rights to own property and make decisions were nowhere near the script, (Ghai p 292). This polygamous life was the birth of psychological torture. The exposure the sexually transmitted killer diseases could not be ruled out. Thanks to civilization that this never happens. In central Kenya where ‘bantus, kikuyu, the embu’ and the ‘meru’ tribes owned huge chunks of land. On the death of the husband, this property was illegally taken by the brothers to the deceased. This left the family to languish in poverty. The daughters of these rich tycoons were unfortunately not inheriting any form of property or land. The land was meant for the sons, (Ghai p 293). The belief that the women would get portions of wealth wherever they got married is an act that is highly condemned. This paper is in agreement that women have a reason to smile in Kenya today. The new constitution was promulgated towards the end of August 2010 have brought new tidings to the women in Kenya. The right to own property and the enactment of a trusted functioning judicial system is something to be proud of to the Kenyans. The general praise from